For surfactants in cleansing products (such as shampoo and body wash), priority should be given to types with low irritation and high mildness. Amino acid-based surfactants (e.g., sodium lauroyl glutamate) are preferred due to their weak acidity, which is close to the skin's normal pH value, valued for its mildness and skin-friendly properties, making them a preferred choice for children's products. Nonionic surfactants, such as alkyl polyglucosides, are derived from natural plants and cause minimal irritation to the skin and eyes, making them widely used in children's products. In contrast, soap-based and sulfate surfactants, which offer strong cleansing power but may damage the skin barrier, such as SLS and SLES, should be used with caution or avoided.

Regarding preservatives, to prevent product spoilage, a preservative system is necessary, but it must avoid known highly allergenic or high-risk substances. For example, MIT/CMIT mixture (Methylisothiazolinone/Methylchloroisothiazolinone, MCI) has been strictly restricted or banned in children's products due to its high sensitization rate. Greater consideration should be given to using relatively safe preservatives such as phenoxyethanol and caprylyl glycol, or utilizing novel mild preservative systems like pentylene glycol and p-hydroxyacetophenone.

Furthermore, providing access to toxicological data and conducting comprehensive safety assessments are critical steps. Formulators must refer to the stringent requirements for restricted substances outlined in cosmetic regulations across various countries (such as China's *Technical Standards for Cosmetic Safety*) and rely on reliable toxicological databases (e.g., ECHA, CIR) to conduct safety checks on the raw materials. The final products must also pass human skin patch tests and pediatric clinical safety tests to ensure absolute safety. When selecting cosmetics for children, parents should review the ingredient list and opt for products with simple formulations, free from unnecessary fragrances and colorants, and from reputable brands.